How the WTO Dispute System Works Without an Appeals Court
The Appellate Body has been paralyzed since 2019 — the world's trade court still runs first instance, and workarounds patch what appeals used to.
Gabriela Montoya · April 14, 2026
Coverage of economics used as statecraft: tariffs, export controls, sanctions, investment screening and industrial subsidy programs, alongside the customs and shipping data showing where trade actually moved. Written for trade lawyers, supply chain planners, sovereign analysts and researchers of international political economy.
Coverage of economics used as statecraft: tariffs, export controls, sanctions, investment screening and industrial subsidy programs, alongside the customs and shipping data showing where trade actually moved. Written for trade lawyers, supply chain planners, sovereign analysts and researchers of international political economy.
The Appellate Body has been paralyzed since 2019 — the world's trade court still runs first instance, and workarounds patch what appeals used to.
Gabriela Montoya · April 14, 2026
Six central banks have kept standing dollar swap lines open since October 31, 2013. The mechanism is two transactions, one exchange rate, and a credit risk that never crosses the border.
Gabriela Montoya · March 4, 2026